Fall into two broad categories: upper and lower sources of bleeding. The ligament of Treitz is the anatomic landmark of separation of upper and lower bleeds.
Signs / Symptoms
What's common signs of gastrointestinal bleeding?
- Black or tarry stool
- Bright red blood in vomit
- Cramps in the abdomen
- Dark or bright red blood mixed with stool
- Dizziness or faintness
- Feeling tired
- Paleness
- Shortness of breath
- Vomit that looks like coffee grounds
- Weakness
Common causes
What's common causes of gastrointestinal bleeding?
- Angiodysplasia: Abnormal or enlarged blood vessels in your GI tract.
- Benign tumors and cancer
- Colitis: Ulcers in intestine a complication of colitis.
- Colon polyps
- Diverticular disease
- Esophageal varices
- Esophagitis
- Gastritis
- Hemorrhoids or anal fissures
- Mallory-Weiss tears.
- Peptic Ulcers
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Departments & Emergency
If person have a shock symptom such as drop in blood pressure or Not peeing or pee infrequently, in small amounts or rapid pulse or unconsciousness, it is an emergency and need to go to hospital or call emergency
If person do not have shock symptom and have one or more signs/symptoms it is recommended a visit to Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology and Hepatology/General Surgery specialist in an appropriate time.
Diagnosis
History of previous bleeding, physical exam and tests. Lab tests to help diagnose the cause of GI bleeding include:
- Stool tests can show occult bleeding.
- Blood tests help determine the extent of bleeding and whether person have anemia.
- Gastric lavage
- Endoscopy provide examining passage using a special instrument. An endoscopy procedure may help see if and where the GI bleeding and the bleeding’s cause.
- Imaging tests to help find the cause of GI bleeding.
- Surgery
Treatment
- Treatment during a diagnostic procedure such as endoscopy
- Medicines for infections or ulcers
- Surgery
- For prevention, limit the amount of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and recommendations for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
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